Polynomials

What is a Polynomial?

A polynomial is an expression consisting of variables (also called indeterminates) raised to various powers, combined using addition, subtraction, and multiplication. The general form of a polynomial is:

p(x) = aₙxⁿ + aₙ₋₁xⁿ⁻¹ + ... + a₁x + a₀

Where the aₙ, aₙ₋₁, ..., a₀ are constants (called coefficients), and x is the variable. The exponent (n) is a non-negative integer.

Operations with Polynomials:

1. Addition

To add polynomials, combine like terms (terms that have the same variable raised to the same power).

2. Subtraction

To subtract polynomials, distribute the negative sign and combine like terms.

3. Multiplication

To multiply polynomials, use the distributive property (multiply each term in the first polynomial by each term in the second polynomial).

Example 1: Polynomial Addition

Add the polynomials 2x² + 3x + 4 and x² - x + 1:

            (2x² + 3x + 4) + (x² - x + 1) = (2x² + x²) + (3x - x) + (4 + 1)
            = 3x² + 2x + 5
            

Example 2: Polynomial Subtraction

Subtract (3x² + 4x - 2) from (5x² - 2x + 7):

            (5x² - 2x + 7) - (3x² + 4x - 2) = (5x² - 3x²) + (-2x - 4x) + (7 + 2)
            = 2x² - 6x + 9
            

Example 3: Polynomial Multiplication

Multiply (x + 2) and (x - 3):

            (x + 2)(x - 3) = x² - 3x + 2x - 6
            = x² - x - 6
            

Try Solving It Yourself:

Now, try adding and subtracting these polynomials:

2x³ + x² - 3x + 5 and x³ + 4x² - x - 1
Click here for the solution